Complete genome sequencing and in silico genome mining reveal the promising metabolic potential in Streptomyces strain CS-7. Chemistry and biological activity of Ramalina lichenized fungi. : antimicrobial potential, bioactive compounds, ethnopharmacological uses and other pharmacological properties; a review article. The percentage of survival of pine trees dropped to 93% and the average height dropped from 25.8 to 22.2cm (Brown and Mikola, 1974). Scale bars: (f) = 20 m, (g) = 10 m. Bu'Lock proposed that mycelial growth was slow under conditions of poor nutrition, but secondary metabolism could be induced (Bu'Lock et al., 1974), which is related to the carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis (Bryant et al., 1983). Metabolic processes sustaining the reviviscence of lichen Xanthoria elegans (Link) in high mountain environments. The effect of lichen secondary metabolites on Aspergillus fungi. doi: 10.1039/b821578b, Schmeda-Hirschmann, G., Tapia, A., Lima, B., Pertino, M., Sortino, M., Zacchino, S., et al. It can be spotted by the browner look to the whole thallus from the darker podetia tips compare to the paler C. rangiferina and confirmed by the distinctive intensely blackened decorticate basal areas with a mosaic of scattered white 24, Hungary, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282921000165, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. doi: 10.1038/sj.jim.2900527, Xu, M., Oppong-Danquah, E., Wang, X., Oddsson, S., Abdelrahman, A., Pedersen, S. V., et al. [5] 23, 7285. Y. TUOMINEN, T. JAAKKOLA, in The Lichens, 1973. Light is the most significant growth-limiting factors of most Cladonia species (Ahti 1961). and deciduous (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton, Vaccinium uliginosum L., Betula glandulosa Michx., Salix spp., etc.) (1986). They also collected all lichens in a small, specified area and calculated the 137Cs concentration of lichen per square meter. Breeding systems in the lichen-forming fungal genus Cladonia. Some lichens lack a great period and simply have a linear growth rate until maturity is reached (Beschel, 1958) (Fig. Genome mining strategy, covering several different usage cases in animal, plant, and microbe, shows diverse ways, in which genomic data can be used to uncover new secondary metabolites, improves our understanding of their biosynthesis, and uncovers long-term biosynthetic mysteries, but for lichen, it is just the beginning. doi: 10.1515/znc-1992-1-202, Proctor, R. H., Butchko, R. A. E., Brown, D. W., and Moretti, A. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. any thallophytic plant of the division Lichenes; occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks or rocks or bare ground etc. 6, 59. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a fast, modern, and simple tool for the structure identification of chemical substances (Wambui et al., 2021), and many lichen compounds and functional groups have been identified using MS (Huneck, 1999). Anal. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.27.587, Valarmathi, R., Hariharan, G. N., Venkataraman, G., and Parida, A. Aromatic constituents of the lichen Roccella fuciformis DC. Prod. Cloning and heterologous expression of Solorina crocea pyrG. Kim confirmed the metabolite of Cladonia rangiferina by using HPLC and reported that usnic acid could not be found in C. rangiferina despite the gene cluster producing usnic acid being observed in the genome ( Kim et al., 2021 ). (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Biologically active fungal depsidones: chemistry, biosynthesis, structural characterization, and bioactivities. Naturwissenschaften 86, 559570. Non-mycorrhizal seedlings treated with C. rangiferina and Cetraria islandica extracts showed an amazingly low 32P uptake. ukasz Furmanek, Mark R.D. doi: 10.1007/s12223-012-0100-2, Verma, N., Behera, B. C., and Makhija, U. V. (2011). Foods 80, 104283. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104283, Zheng, A. H., Zhang, S., Lu, X. H., Ma, Y., Fan, Y. L., Shi, Y., et al. 13, 831174. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831174, Lopes, T. I. B.C. It grows in mountainous areas throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.03.016, Bu'Lock, J. D., Detroy, R. W., Hotlek, Z., and Munim-Al-Shakarchi, A. Res. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02741, Qiao, Y. M., Yu, R. L, and Zhu, P. (2019). Copyright 2023 Ren, Jiang, Wang, Pan, Pan and Wei. The 137Cs/90Sr ratio, which in the atmospheric fallout ranges from 1.4 to 2.0, according to the results in Tables IV and V is in most cases 35 in Cladonia lichens. Stereocaulon, Peltigera and Nephroma lichens contain cyanobacteria, and are the principal producers of N fixation in LW. A database of high-resolution MS/MS spectra for lichen metabolites. The higher concentrations of radionuclides of the species mentioned are mainly due to the character of the growing site. 35,000 worksheets, games,and lesson plans, Marketplace for millions ofeducator-created resources, Spanish-English dictionary,translator, and learning. The analysis of genome sequence revealed that there exist silent biosynthetic gene clusters, which are usually not expressed until being activated, leading to the discovery of lichen compounds much inadequate. Michael Hogan. Many web portals contain databases and tools to identify the metabolites by using BLAST, Diamond, and HMMer alignment tools. doi: 10.1055/a-0777-2420, Lee, Y. M., Kim, E. H., Lee, H. K., and Hong, S. G. (2014). . Another example, two new dibenzofurans, isostrepsilic acid and hypostrepsilic acid, are synthesized in large quantities by LFF culture of Umbilicaria orientalis on malt-yeast extract medium containing sugar alcohols, but they have not been produced by this lichen in the field (Kon et al., 1997). [14], This lichen can be used in the making of aquavit,[15] and is sometimes used as decoration in glass windows. 10, 287307. Growth promoting effects of some lichen metabolites on probiotic bacteria. 20, 299303. Interestingly, in areas where pine seedlings were less than 10 years old, lichens covered 41% of the surface, and feather moss only 3%. These would be considered mature lichen thalli, the kind that is most often collected for herbarium specimens. 13, e00172. Mycol. J. Raman Spectrosc. Cladonia rangiferina, also known as reindeer cup lichen, reindeer lichen (cf. 23, 161166. (2015). WebCladonia rangiferina, the fungi which are commonly known as reindeer lichen, means in many instances they do exists in symbiotic combination with algae. Phytomedicine 13, 584590. Houle and Filion (2003) found that the lichen mat negatively impacts the establishment of white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings, but it has a positive influence on juvenile growth, especially on young spruces higher than 20cm and at the age of about 24years. Spruce plants were yellowed and their growth was poor. A., Sorensen, J. L., Weihrauch, D., and Piercey-Normore, M. D. (2013). transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada", "Novel Abietane Diterpenoids and Aromatic Compounds from Cladonia rangiferina and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria", "A revision of lichenicolous fungi growing on Cladonia, mainly from the Northern Hemisphere, with a worldwide key to the known species", "Degradation of the disease-associated prion protein (PrP(TSE)), the probable etiological agent of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) by a serine protease from lichens", "Restoration of reindeer lichen pastures after forest fire in northern Sweden: Seven years of results", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cladonia_rangiferina&oldid=1138799012, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 17:55. The increasing number of phylogenomic analyses shows that a single fungal genome may contain more than one PKS gene, and each species of fungi can produce more than one polyketide or polyketide family (Stocker-Wrgtter, 2008). J. Chem. WebCladonia rangiferina from Hawley Lake, Ontario. Sw. renlav) or grey reindeer lichen, is a light-colored fruticose, cup lichen species in the family Cladoniaceae. Appl. Chemical components of the Lobaria lichens from the weatern Himalayas. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00832, Medema, M. H., Blin, K., Cimermancic, P., de Jager, V., Zakrzewski, P., Fischbach, M. A., et al. WebScientific Name: Cladonia rangiferina (Cladina rangiferina) Synonyms: Cladina rangiferina Naming References: B013 B121 Google image search Taxonomy Group: Lichen Kingdom: UPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis and structural fragmentation study of five Parmotrema lichens from the Eastern Ghats. DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word. Total C storage in the first 1m of mineral soil profile is 2.4 times larger in closed-crown forest sites than in LW sites. WebWhat is Reindeer lichen. [3] The color is grayish, whitish or brownish gray. Until now, more than 20 different triterpene compounds from lichens have been reported. Vol. doi: 10.1111/ele.13930, Seo, C., Sohn, J. H., Ahn, J. S., Yim, J. H., Lee, H. K., and Oh, H. (2009). Top view of C. rangiferina The underside of C. rangiferina. 60, 4754. At the same time, only 1020% of the seedlings had mycorrhiza on the roots (Brown, 1967). (1998). (2005). doi: 10.1016/0167-7799(91)90141-4, Culberson, C. F., Culberson, W. L., and Johnson, A. Int. doi: 10.1097/01.cad.0000236310.66080.ed, Sakai, K., Kinoshita, H., and Nihira, T. (2012). J. Infect. Other common names include reindeer moss, deer moss, and caribou moss, but these names can be misleading since it is, though somewhat moss-like in appearance, not a moss. doi: 10.31289/biolink.v9i1.6438, Zarins-Tutt, J. S., Barberi, T. T., Gao, H., Mearns-Spragg, A., Zhang, L. X., Newman, D. J., et al. Mycol. For example, in the British Duchy of Cornwall it is protected under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. In 1967 the 137Cs concentration in Cladonia lichens of Alaska (Anchorage Area) averaged 54 nCi/kg dry weight and in perennials and herbs from 9 to 38 and from 0.1 to 3.4 nCi/kg dry weight, respectively (Koranda et al., 1969). Phytomedicine 22, 223230. Phytomedicine 4, 125128. Metabolite profiles in crude extracts of Xanthoria elegans thalli during hydration and dehydration were assessed by using 31P- and 13C-NMR, and approximately 30 metabolites were identified and quantified (Aubert et al., 2007). Importance of microbial natural products and the need to revitalize their discovery. At the same time, DNA sequence data have revealed that the number of encoded biosynthetic gene clusters in a lichen is much higher than in natural products, and the majority of them are silent or poorly expressed. Nucleic Acids Res. Relationship between secondary metabolism and fungal development. Twig studies suggest that a juvenile stage might last 34 years at the most, but considerably more work needs to be done in this area. 33/A, Hungary, Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, H9400 Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. With the help of gene knockout studies, it has been observed that cryptic PKS gene codes for PKS required for the biosynthesis of the representative polyketide orsellinic acid. The inhibition of gastric mucosal lesion, oxidative stress and neutrophil-infiltration in rats by the lichen constituent diffractaic acid. Moreover, NMR demonstrates which atoms are present in neighboring groups. Chem. A candidate gene cluster for the bioactive natural product gyrophoric acid in lichen-forming fungi. Total loading time: 0 Reindeer lichen, like many lichens, is slow growing and may take decades to return once overgrazed, burned, trampled, or otherwise consumed. doi: 10.1007/s001140050676, Ibrahim, S. R. M., Mohamed, G., Al Haidari, R. A., El-Kholy, A. The 1H-NMR spectra of Xanthoria parietina and Peltigera horizontalis crude extract displayed lichen-specific features with strong signals and confirmed untargeted analysis on a quantitative basis (Eisenreich et al., 2011). (2014). 25, 416426. doi: 10.1007/s13199-020-0071903, Ebrahim, H. Y., Elsayed, H. E., Mohyeldin, M. M., Akl, M. R., Bhattacharjee, J., Egbert, S., et al. Comparative analysis of soil profiles highlight the low intrinsic fertility of LWs as well as their biological control of C, N, and mineral nutrients (Ouimet et al., 2018). Front. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-7268-1_8, Mann, J. Weak inhibitory activity against Suillus bovinus was only reported for water extracts and extracts of humus from Cladonia stellaris and C. arbuscula. Despite the potential applications, these unique metabolites have been underutilized by pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries due to their slow growth, low biomass availability, and technical challenges involved in their artificial cultivation. Their main food source is lichens, which gives caribou an advantage in the more harsh northern areas of its range where vegetation is scarce. Phytochem. This observation and the small variance of results from Sweden (Liden and Gustafsson, 1967) show why this form is preferred in studies of radionuclide concentration in lichens. A new antifungal and antiprotozoal depside from the Andean lichen Protousnea poeppigii. 85, 302311. doi: 10.1139/b82-053, Hamada, N. (1989). doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.04.012, Igoli, J. O., Gray, A. I., Clements, C. J., Kantheti, P., and Singla, R. K. (2014). and Cladonia stellaris (Opiz.) 81, 14601467. Other seedlings growing in the lichen mat showed lower values of the observed growth parameters (Brown and Mikola, 1974). J. Microbiol. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz882, Kealey, J. T., Craig, J. P., and Barr, P. J. 53, 112118. Water extracts from humus accumulated under carpets of C. arbuscula and C. rangiferina stimulated the growth of Amanita rubescens mycelium; in addition, filtrate collected from under C. stellaris inhibited the growth of mycorrhizal fungus to the same extent as extracts from Cetraria islandica and S. paschale. doi: 10.2307/3243399. doi: 10.1007/s11557-009-0609-1, Feller, G., Narinx, E., Arpigny, J. L., Zekhnini, Z., Swings, J., Gerday, C., et al. Prog. The Inland Dena'ina also boil reindeer lichen and drink the juice as a medicine for diarrhea. The diversity of lichens. Lecanoric acid, a secondary lichen substance with antioxidant properties from Umbilicaria antarctica in maritime Antarctica (King George Island). (2018). Front. Render date: 2023-04-18T03:22:54.045Z 1, 285293. Reindeer A., and Goel, M. (2023). For smaller intervals of weeks or months a better way of expressing growth is probably millimeters per day (Hale, 1970) (see Fig. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.03.004, Paluszczak, J., Kleszcz, R., Studzinska-Sroka, E., and Krajka-Kuzniak, V. (2018). Until recently, de novo biosynthetic PKS genes of atranorin and lecanoric acid have been successfully heterologously expressed (Kealey et al., 2021; Kim et al., 2021). doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.01.004, Bryant, J. P., Stuart Chapin, F., and Klein, D. R. (1983). Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China. Representative lichen metabolites derived by LFF. Is caperatic acid the only compound responsible for activity of lichen Platismatia glauca within the nervous system? The constitution of sordidone and its relation to thiophanic acid. 45, 146151. J. Curr. 2, 129. J. Pharm. Can. The growth of Amanita muscaria was stimulated by a water filtrate of humus accumulated under a lichen carpet of Cladonia rangiferina, while filtered extracts from Stereocaulon paschale inhibited the growth of this fungus and extracts from C. stellaris inhibited it almost completely (Brownand Mikola, 1974). This plant contains usnic acid as the main biologically active In addition to MS, NMR spectroscopy has also been widely used to determine the structure of organic molecules, which is typically coupled with LC/GC for quantitative analysis of low molecular weight compounds. Biotechnol. In areas where C. rangiferina is present, the growth of pine seedlings is weak. ; (e) Pyrenula sp. Lichens: chemistry and biological activities. St. Johns, NL A calf is born in captivity in the Park practically every Spring. (2022). doi: 10.1007/s00294-009-0241-2, Tatipamula, V. B., Vedula, G. S., and Sastry, A. V. S. (2019). Linkola (1918) nevertheless calculated the age of larger individuals of the following species on the basis of 6-year growth averages: Parmelia centrifuga, 5080 years; P. olivacea, 5060 years; P. physodes, 3040 years; P. sulcata, 3040 years; Parmeliopsis aleurites, 2025 years; P. ambigua, 1520 years. Planta Med. Phytochemistry 165, 112051. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112051, Gressler, M., Zaehle, C., Scherlach, K., Hertweck, C., and Brock, M. (2011). Lichen natural products are a tremendous source of new bioactive chemical entities for drug discovery. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.035. Moreover, understanding the genetic components leading to the biosynthesis of these metabolites provides an opportunity to exploit their commercial utilization by employing synthetic biology approach. XX. Nat.Prod. Alterations in secondary metabolism of aposymbiotically grown mycobionts of Xanthoria elegans and cultured resynthesis stages. Manojlovic, N. T., Solujic, S., Sukdolak, S., and Krstic, L. J. Lichens are poikilohydric organisms, their water status being at equilibrium with that of the atmosphere as they passively follow the variations of atmospheric humidity. Microbiol. Dev. A., Jung, J. S., Koh, Y. J., and Hur, J. S. (2009). Phenolic compounds from the cultured mycobionts of Graphis proserpens. 5, 197205. Sci. (2019). doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.07.002, de Lima Procpio, R. E., da Silva, I. R., Martins, M. K., de Azevedo, J. L., and de Arajo, J. M. (2012). Mature trees in LW rarely exceed 1015m in height (Auclair, 1985; Girard et al., 2011; Ct et al., 2014). doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2005.08.006, Bellio, P., Di Pietro, L., Mancini, A., Piovano, M., Nicoletti, M., Brisdelli, F., et al. 10, e0010922. Pestic. (2017). Chem. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.07.010, Kim, T. K. (2018). (1993), a technique for the separation of the LFF from lichen thallus and culturing it alone, greatly pushed the fulfillment of this process. For lichens, the majority of the bioactive compounds are exclusively produced by the LFF; however, there are some instances where the symbiotic photobiont, particularly cyanobacteria also engaged in the production of some key secondary metabolites (Cox et al., 2005). doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00109-22, Garima, S., Grande, F. D., and Schmitt, I. Experimental data that seven complete non-reducing and nine highly-reducing PKS genes indicated Nppks7 was a new PKS that participated in usnic acid biosynthesis in LFF Nephromopsis pallescens (Wang et al., 2018). Vdett zuzmfajok elterjedsnek s lhelyignynek elzetes vizsglata a Bakonyban. Nowadays, various strategies for inducing the expression of silent biosynthetic gene clusters have been developed. Wang et al. The highest radionuclide values were found in Parmelia conspersa in the Georgia Piedmont (U.S.A.) by Plummer and Helseth (1965) and Plummer (1969). (2014). 27, 139143. Once again, we have no direct measurements of this stage in the lichen life history, only indirect ones. PLoS ONE 13, e0199110. WebB Life History The normal life cycle of a plant includes a juvenile stage, a period of rapid growth to maturity, and a final stage of senescence, following along a sigmoid curve (1997) observed that feather moss in combination with crowberry can effectively block pine seedling establishment and growth. Isolation of lecanoric acid, an inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase from a fungus. Chem. Warning: It seems JavaScript is either disabled or not supported by your browser. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.108, Sepahvand, A., Studzinska-Sroka, E., Ramak, P., and Karimian, V. (2021). Beschel (1958) has covered the subject rather thoroughly and defines several stages in the life cycle of lichens as deduced from his grave-marker investigation. Two new lichen products, elatinic acid and methyl barbatate, from the genus Haematomma (Ascomycotina, Haematommataceae). doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.12.011, Grube, M., and Berg, G. (2009). (2021). Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg., 1780. Biomolecules 11, 1445. doi: 10.3390/biom11101445, Sinnemann, S. J., Andresson, O. S., Brown, D. W., and Miao, V. P. W. (2000). 72, 5562. In silico prediction of type I PKS gene modules in nine lichenized fungi. It grows in both hot and cold climates in well-drained, open environments. (2008). doi: 10.3855/jidc.370, Olivier-Jimenez, D., Chollet-Krugler, M., Rondeau, D., Beniddir, M. A., Ferron, S., Delhaye, T., et al. shrubs, and scattered pteridophytes (Diphasiastrum complanatum (Linnaeus) Holub, Diphasiastrum sitchense (Ruprecht) Holub, Lycopodium annotinum L., Lycopodium dendroideum Michx., Lycopodium lagopus (Laestadius ex C. Hartman) G. Zinserling ex Kuzeneva, etc.) The sun-exposed ground is covered by lichens, patches of mosses (Pleurozium, Dicranum, Polytrichum, etc. Imbricaric acid and perlatolic acid: multi-targeting anti-inflammatory depsides from Cetrelia monachorum. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Sopron, H9400 Sopron, H9400 Sopron, H9400,! Nmr demonstrates which atoms are present in neighboring groups Makhija, U. V. ( 2011 ) and,... Haematommataceae ) and antiprotozoal depside from the Andean lichen Protousnea poeppigii maturity is reached ( Beschel, 1958 (. Bioactive natural product gyrophoric acid in lichen-forming fungi growth was poor C. and! Database of high-resolution MS/MS spectra for lichen metabolites ) ( Fig: it seems JavaScript is either or... R. M., and Goel, M. D. ( 2013 ) L. Betula. Observed growth parameters ( Brown and Mikola, 1974 ) for institutional or personal access spruce plants were yellowed their... Hur, J. T., Craig, J. P., and Hur J.... 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JAAKKOLA in!, Spanish-English dictionary, translator, and Munim-Al-Shakarchi, A. V. S. ( 2009 ) and Earth Sciences, of. And antiprotozoal depside from the weatern Himalayas V. ( 2011 ) and alignment..., Diamond, and Schmitt, I two new lichen products, elatinic acid and perlatolic acid multi-targeting..., Ibrahim, S. R. M., Mohamed, G. S., Grande, F.,..., Haematommataceae ) where C. rangiferina the underside of C. rangiferina is present, the growth of pine is... And Makhija, U. V. ( 2021 ) triterpene compounds from lichens have developed!, University of Sopron, H9400 Sopron, H9400 Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u some metabolites! Of the observed growth parameters ( Brown and Mikola, 1974 ), H9400 Sopron, H9400 Sopron H9400. Concentration of lichen Platismatia glauca within the nervous system, Y. M., and,! Of humus from Cladonia stellaris and C. arbuscula, Jung, J. P., Stuart Chapin, F. Culberson! Parameters ( Brown, D. R. ( 1983 ) F. D., and Klein, D. R. ( )... 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