[20], The story has also been considered an oikotype, i.e., a form of the tale that is specific to a certain region (in this case, the Baltic geographical area). In: Kabakova, Galina. .. [60], In Latvia the tale is known as alio nuotaka or Zalka lgava ("The Grass-Snake's Wife"). The next day, the snake asks her to prepare the oven and to throw it in the fire. A ballet Egl ali karalien by Eduardas Balsys and numerous plays have been staged in various Lithuanian theaters, for the first time in 1960, directed by Juozas Gustaitis. Three years passed and she returned to her mother's house with two little children, a boy and a girl. Jegle is happy to visit her father, but her brothers secretly decide to take her back from the King of the Lakes. [37] Balticist Letas Palmaitis[lt], citing Bronislava Kerbelyte[lt] and Meletinsky, described the tragic fate of Egle's family as consequence of tribalism: her brothers kill the 'animal' husband because he belongs to another tribe or group, and, for bearing his sons, Egle and her children must also disappear. This happens again with the middle sister. The fisherman is thankful for the rescue, and asks what he can offer in return; Zaltis says he wants the fisherman's most valuable thing, and promises to grant him fish for hiw whole life. For the next week, her mother forbids her to set foot outside their yurt. In: Litwa: staroytne dzieje, ustawy, jzyk, wiara, obyczaje, pieni, przysowia, podania itd, Mitteilungen Der Litauischen Literarischen Gesellschaft, https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-rekonstruktsii-praslavyanskoy-mifologii, Egl ali karalien: slibino ir mergels motyvo kilm, "Comparative phylogenetic analyses uncover the ancient roots of Indo-European folktales", The Complete Russian Folktale: Russian Wondertales, Ukeikimai, magikos formuls ir vard problema balt "ali karaliens" variantuose, https://doi-org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1515/9783112611289-086, Powiat sokalski pod wzgldem geograficznym, etnograficznym, historycznym i ekonomicznym, Szkice folklorystyczne: Wok legendy i zagadki. The Folk Tale about Grass Snake as a Story of Baltic Identity]. Many were a mix of animal and human characteristics, but none were more prolific and older than Wadjet. The uncles go to the beach, summon the sea prince and kill him with spears. Over a hundred slightly diverging versions of the plot have been collected. When he . Meanwhile, the girls are bathing in the lake. In: , 1 (11): 11. SINKEVIIT, Daiva. When he was still an infant, she sent snakes to attack him in his crib. A simplified version of the myth regards Manasa as the daughter of Lord Shiva. A snake was likewise kept at the shrine of Apollo where it was tended to by a naked virgin. In: Stryczyska-Hodyl, Ewa. 4, 2011, pp. Masha marries the snake and returns from the sea to her mother's house with her two children. Fand is a Celtic sea goddess also known as Queen of the Fairies and wife of Manannn. Hearing of the incident, the goddess Athena got infuriated and turned Medusa's hair into snakes. The maiden "saw she had manifest death before her" and, by her command, orders her children to become birds: the boy a nightingale and the girl a cuckoo, and it is implied that a dead nettle is what remained of her. [114], Scholar Hasan El-Shamy lists 2 variants of the tale type found in Algeria, under the previous name of the type. One day, their daughters wish to visit their grandparents. [27], Scholar Jack Zipes provided another description of the tale type, wherein, besides the serpent, a seal, a dragon or sea monster may steal the clothes of the bathing maiden. On a warm summer evening all three girls decided to go swimming. Her brothers want to kill the underwater husband, so they leave early and wait by the lake with wooden bats. Its liaison with a human woman, which produces children, violates the boundaries between the world of land and the world of water[33][34] and, by killing the snake, the natural order (that is, separation between land and water) can be restored. Prior to their departure, he instructs them how to call him from the depths of the sea and asks not to tell this secret to anyone else. She buries it and curses her children to become a nightingale, a swallow and a starling, while herself becomes a dove. The couple keep her safe from the world, until she is fourteen years old, when some girls from the village enter the couple's house and beg for Zuhra to join them for playtime int he water. However, the princess's younger brother mimics her voice and tricks the snake into coming out of the water, only to be beheaded by the princess's brothers. Hera was worshipped* in all parts of Greece and temples were built for her at Argos and Salmos. They are a strong, handsome species who can assume either wholly human or wholly serpentine form and are potentially dangerous but often beneficial to humans. Finally, a frightened daughter tells them the grass snake summoning chant: All twelve brothers of Egl call ilvinas the Grass Snake from the sea and kill him using scythes. In mythology, the serpent symbolises fertility and procreation, wisdom, death, and resurrection (due to the shedding of its skin, which is not akin to rebirth), and in the earliest schools of mysticism, the symbol of 'The Word' was the serpent. Herecles notes mythology herecles notes the greatest and most popular greek heroes. [50], Other variations lie in the secret code the wife learns from her snake husband, and in the fate of the heroine and their children (sometimes all girls; sometimes all boys): they are either transformed into trees or into birds and disappear forever. It symbolized the pharaoh's role as lawmaker and maintainer of order, protecting the Egyptian people from the forces of chaos. [98] The tale was originally collected by Russian philologist Dimitry M. Balashov[ru] from informant Elisaveta Ivanovna Sidorova, from Tersky region, in the White Sea, with the title " " ("Lake Bettle - Groom"). [118], Indian scholar Suniti Kumar Chatterji summarized the Lithuanian tale and stated that it "reminded" him of the Kashmiri story about Princess Himal and Nagrai (Ngaray), the Prince of Snakes. To this plea the mother tells him to bring the child to them. [55], The tale type is recognized as being "most at home in the Balto-Slavic regions". [51][52][53] Some stories mention that the king of the grass snakes was wearing an amber crown or that he lived in an amber palace - a motif that recalls another Baltic fairy tale: Jrat and Kastytis. One day, the girl is sent to wash some clothes at the beach when a wave crashes and carries them away. "" ": ". In this tale, three sisters are bathing in the water. "Egls ali karaliens interpretacijos: trumposios literatrins pasakos" [Interpretations of Lithuanian folk tale Egl ali karalien: short literary tales]. " . He also claimed that this narrative was "a common African variation on the Cupid and Psyche theme". That rivers arise in lakes, pools or in caves or spring wells up on mountain sides has made such sites the classical typical den of the legendary dragons of myth. " " . Three years pass, and Zuhra begins to miss home. [16], According to Stith Thompson's reworked folktale classification, tale type AaTh 425M involves a magical formula or incantation to summon the serpent husband. Hera was one of the twelve Olympian gods and goddesses believed to reside on Mount Olympus. Manasa is the daughter of Lord Shiva and is also known as the queen of serpents. After meeting the long lost family member, Egl's relatives do not wish to let her return to the sea and decide to kill ilvinas. In Greek and Roman mythology, the snake symbolizes a guardian spirit and was inscribed on many altars. The snake asks the girl to be his wife and to live with him in his crystal palace. . In order to be allowed to visit home, Egl is required to fulfill three impossible tasks: to spin a never-ending tuft of silk, wear down a pair of iron shoes and to bake a pie with no utensils. Finally, Egl herself turns into a spruce. Its mythological background has been an interest of Lithuanian and foreign researchers of Indo-European mythology; Gintaras Beresneviius considered it being a Lithuanian theogonic myth. Hecate often carries a torch in her connection with the night. Throughout art history, snakes have been represented as women. [Kazakh folk tales. [1] The tale features not only humanreptile shapeshifting, but irreversible humantree shapeshifting as well. She leaves for the lake to do her laundry. In Sumerian and Old-Babylonian literary tradition the snake was a wise creature and an granted miraculous herbs for eternal youth and immortality. The brothers go to the lake, summon the snake with the song and kill him as soon as he appears. [78], Professor Jack V. Haney stated that variants of type 425M appear "frequently recorded among the Russians", but "less frequently by Belarusians and Ukrainians". known as slayer . She accepts it and goes back home. " ". Or Cupid the Serpent and the Morning Star?" Lamia is a devastatingly beautiful monster, part woman and part serpent. The grandfather goes to the lake with a rifle, summons the snake and shoots him. She then enchants her son to become a beetle, her daughter a dragonfly, and herself a cuckoo. The girl becomes a weeping birch and her son a tree branch. . . ; . The two elders leave, while the youngest, named Lilla, tries to find her dress and sees a snake on it. In Egyptian mythology, the snake symbol represented royalty and divinity. The serpent frequently appears in myths and legends. [90], The tale type is known in Russia as Zhena Uzha ("The Snake's Wife"),[91][92][93] or The Grass Snake's Wife. [86], According to scholarship, variants collected in northern Poland, in the ancient territories of the Yotvingians (Jatvings), show the gle's twelve brothers are eventually punished by Baltic thunder god Perknas. Her husband agrees to let her visit her family with her son, teaches her a spell and give her gold to gift her family. A snake slithers from beneath the well, goes to the king's court, and guesses the right answer. Enraged grass snakes return for a final time and threaten everyone with dry year, deluge and famine. Now, she is a bloodthirsty villain who slithers through the darkness of the night, searching for children to devour, or walks in beauty through the daylight, searching for . The old woman places her grandchildren to bed, and, taking a saber, goes to the lake in the dead of night to summon the Black Snake (the "padishah of the jinn"). "TENDENCIES OF THE FORMATION AND USAGE OF BALTIC NOUNS WITH SUFFIX -UT- IN LITHUANIA". , [Ryzhakova, Svetlana Igorevna] (2009). Then after three days, thousands of grass snakes march into the yard of her parents' house. THE DRAKAINA SKYTHIA (Scythian Dracaena) was the first ruler of the land of Skythia. The story has also inspired the creation of literary tales. Variants collected at East Lithuania show the transformation of the children into birds. Moskva: , 1975. pp. His eyes were glowing red. naga, (Sanskrit: "serpent") in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, a member of a class of mythical semidivine beings, half human and half cobra. Some time later, a "troop" of snakes came to the maiden's house to force her to fulfill her promise. The next two years, her mother goes to the sea shore and asks about her daughter. He also teaches her a command to summon him when she returns, and makes her promise to keep it a secret. The man's wife goes to the beach and repeats the song to summon her husband, but he does not appear. The religious reception ties into this, as does the Freudian interpretation that . One of the main characters in this fairy tale is a grass snake (Lithuanian: altys), but because it seems to inhabit the sea-adjacent lagoon (Lithuanian: marios), the word may actually refer either to a mythical aquatic snake or a European eel (Anguilla anguilla). However, a cadre of black snakes begins to slither out of the river to their house. After Sira leaves, Cumba returns home to tell her mother everything. 170-171. Watch Extra Mythology ad-free on Nebula! [119][d] Indian scholarship states that the tale exists in the oral repertoire of the region, with multiple renditions appearing in both Persian and Kashmiri in the 18th and 19th centuries. The priests of Heliopolis, followers of the sun god Re, developed the myth of Isis. A relatively minor deity of Chinese mythology, Tu Er Shenor Hu Tianbao, as he was known when he was mortalis the god of homosexual love and marriage. They live together and have three sons. The princess bears the snake man three daughters and goes to visit her family. Zuhra runs back home and tells her mother everything, and they fence the house, hoping it will keep the snake out. Snakes in religion and ancient Greek mythology. That evening, a giant snake comes out of the sea and knocks at the girl's door. URL: , . The next morning, the maiden returned to the pond and, after realizing her mother's heinous act, condemned her daughter to become a wren, her son a nightingale and herself a cuckoo. FACTS ABOUT HERA. [57] Following a less mythological approach, scholar Endre Bjtar suggested that its diffusion across Lithuania owes to the local snake cult,[58] recorded in historical sources. Three weeks later, the snake comes to get his bride in a grand golden carriage. Its main head supported 100 snake heads, which made different animal noises. When the girl goes to the shore to return to her husband, she summons him and sees his head floating in the water. "Apuleius' Cupid Considered as a Lamia (Metamorphoses 5.17-18).". [Latvian Folk Tales]. ""Egl ali karalien": gyvybs ir mirties domenas" ["Egl the queen of serpents": domain of life and death]. After seeing the dead husband, Masha curses her daughter to become a swallow, her son to be a nightingale and herself to be a cuckoo.[130]. [97], Professor Jack Haney published another Russian variant, titled The Lake Beetle as Groom. After much insistence, the brothers learn of the secret command and go to the seashore. [24], Researcher Galina Kabakova cites that most variants feature a serpent husband: a snake, a boa, a winged serpent, even a Hydra-like dragon. After nine days, Egl arrives at the seashore and calls her husband, but unfortunately only the foams of blood return from the sea. A mother tells her young daughter of a dream she had about clothing her daughter in white robes swirling like foaming water and with pearls of tears hiding deep distress around her neck. When they finished bathing, a snake appeared and hid the maiden's shift in exchange for her hand in marriage. The serpent emerges from the water and is killed by the man. Kabakova, Galina. In: Palmaitis, Letas. [23] The name of the serpent husband may also vary between tellings: ilvinas, Zilvynas, Zelvynas, or ilvytis. After she gets an advice from the sorceress (a potential referral to the Lady of the Sea or Lady of the Cave) and succeeds in completing these three tasks, ilvinas reluctantly lets Egl and the children go. : . . Zuhra goes with the girls to bathe in a nearby lake and leaves her clothes on the shore. "Lietuvi pasak tyrim imtmetis: nuo tradicins komparatyvistikos iki iuolaikini metod" [Hundred years of the Lithuanian folktale research: from the traditional comparativism to the modern methods]. Shocked, upset, hesitant (how can she, a person, marry a grass snake? "Ados Martinkus studija apie Egl". The girl agrees to come with him to the lake. [100], Russian scholarship states that a tradition in Pskov holds that the daughter of the snake husband turns into a frog. Greek Mythology. Le projet du Dictionnaire de motifs et de contes-types tiologiques chez les slaves orientaux. The story of Lamia, Queen of Libya, a woman driven to eat her children, sometimes depicts the titular character as half snake. [82], English scholar A. H. Wratislaw collected the tale Transformation into a Nightingale and a Cuckoo from "Little Russia" in his Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources. In: Sauka, Leonardas. [30] Under this lens, the grass snake could be seen as a totemic ancestor, akin to the swan maiden, who plays the role of ancestress of many peoples. As the water engulfs her she is abducted by the water goblin. She explains she lives underwater and to return she only has to call on her husband's name: Ahmet. Structural and semantic typology of the metamorphic ornithological plot of an East Slavic tale (SUS 425). Years pass, the fisherman's wife dies and Jegle runs the house while her father and brothers are away. [122], Studies suggest that characters of the tale named several geographic features, such as toponyms and hydronyms of northwestern Russia, Pskov region. Danae The daughter of King Acrisius of Argos and Queen Eurydice, . A toad and a crab jump out of the water to tell the woman the girl is doing fine. "Popularno motywu "O onie wa" w folklorze i literaturze Batw". 142-144. This told that Isis was the daughter of the earth god Geb and the sky goddess Nut and the sister of the deities Osiris, Seth, and Nephthys.Married to Osiris, king of Egypt, Isis was a queen who supported her husband and taught the women of Egypt how to weave, bake, and brew beer. [15] Legend states that when the snake lets go of its . She often had a serpent's tale even when the rest of her form was that of a beautiful woman. However, he is rescued by a mysterious man with greenish hair who introduces himself as Zaltis, the King of the Lakes. In: Luven, Yvonne. Nagas and Lamias The femme fatale is a character archetype found across many different cultures and mythologies - and Ancient Greek mythology is no exception. It is an instinctive fear. The Black Snake slithers off to the surface, and is beheaded by the old woman. [36], Other interpretations focus on the intergroup marriage aspect of the story: Egle's family (brothers) would then represent male relatives fighting against a male from another family or clan to rescue their only sister, by torturing their nephews and niece (the fruits of this "spurious" union). [101], Another Russian variant of tale type ATU 425M was collected in Tver with the title " " ("Uzhenka and Masha"). The girl accepts, if only to get her garments back. The youngest son reveals the secret command to his uncles. High quality Queen Of Snakes-inspired gifts and merchandise. A large snake comes to the castle and guesses it right, then takes the princess with him as his bride to his abode in the sea. Hundreds of different wings were grafted onto his body. He explains she disenchanted him and he will make her his wife as the "Queen of the Seas" ("du wirst fortan Knigin des Meeres sein"), in his palace in the middle of the sea. The snake promises to give it back if she marries it. [8] Hungarian scholar Endre Bjtar[hu] called it Egle (Silver Pine), the Snake Goddess and Egle (Silver Fir), the Snake Queen. [99], In a tale collected from a Karelian source with the title "-" ("The Reptile Beloved"), twelve maidens go to bathe in the sea and leave their clothes on the shore. There's the mi. When she returns, a black snake (" ", in the Russian translation) is lying on them and asks the girl to marry it. muida, Eugenijus. When Herakles was travelling through her realm with the cattle of Geryon, she stole some of the herd and insisted the hero mate with her before she would return . Thor battling the Midgard Serpent by Emil Doepler. In: Felton, Debbie. A feathered serpent of Aztec myth, Quetzalcoatl is believed to be the creator of man, and the dividing deity between the land and the sky. The poem is about a water goblin who is sitting on a poplar by his lake, singing to the moon and sewing clothes for his wedding soon to come. According to some. At first, she is hesitant and afraid, but relents and, after seeing that the snake can change into a handsome man, accepts him wholeheartedly. 133-142. Finally, they take the non-fake bride, Egl, to the bottom of the sea lagoon to their king. The woman takes a scythe and goes to the river to summon the reptile husband to kill him. [110], The tale is also said to be "very popular" in the Pomeranian region. FOLKLORICA - Journal of the Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Folklore Association 3 (2): 12. [35] By using the magical incantation to summon the snake bridegroom, Egle builds a bridge between her world and the aquatic one (or an underground, chthonic realm). However, when the time comes, the sky darkens and a retinue of snakes, jinns and peris come to Zuhra's house in their master's name. Hera was the goddess of marriage, family, and childbirth and was often portrayed as a regal and influential figure. After the birth of their first child, the abducted wife sings it a lullaby about her past, which enrages the water goblin. [124][125], According to researcher Svetlana Ryzhakova, professor V. Kazakeviius stated that in the Polish region of Suwaki, a legend is told of a girl named Egle or Egla who married a snake being that lived in an underwater crystal palace.[126]. [48] Altogether, the variants collected outside Lithuania and Latvia, from 11 countries, amount to 106 versions. Jrv, Risto; Kaasik, Mairi; Toomeos-Orglaan, Krri. This formula is learned by others, who draw the serpentine being out of its hideout to kill it. Zuhra and her children go back to the surface world and visit the grandparents. A water snake (a crested newt, in the original) announces it is a louseskin and marries the girl, taking her to its underwater palace. She then questions her sons if any of them told anything about the secret song, and the youngest answers that he did. [70], In an Estonian tale titled Ussi naine or Ussi naene ("The Snake's Wife"), the maiden bathes with her sisters by the sea, the snake refuses to return her clothes, the heroine gives birth to daughters that become different tree species at the end of the tale. She tries to summon her husband, but, realizing something is wrong, she finds the snake's body. Papa-Water gives her plenty of fish and teaches her a magic song to summon him and the fishes. While Iphicles screamed in fear, Heracles grabbed one snake in . Her family tries to trick him twice, first with a goose, then with a she-goat. Barag, Lev. Masha's mother is the one to kill the snake husband with a hatchet. [67], The tale type is reported from Southern Estonia, "especially in the Setu region". Artifacts and carvings made in the image of the snake have been found all across the world. [25] In other variants, he is identified as the king of snakes or the spirit of the waters who lives in an underwater palace[26] located in a lake, a river or a lagoon. [28], The main storyline (marriage of human woman with snake that steals her clothing) is said to belong to a mythological background about snakes that may be very archaic to the European continent. Born during the Qing dynasty, Hu Tianbao found himself attracted to an official of the local government, spying on him naked through a hole in his bathroom wall. Before she was cursed with her terrible new form, she was a powerful but relatively innocent woman. She was usually represented as a winged female creature having a head of hair consisting of snakes; unlike the Gorgons, she was sometimes represented as very beautiful. Later, Sira eats some food her mother prepared and a hen reveals it is made from the flesh of the serpent. . Speaking in a human voice, the grass snake repeatedly agrees to go away only after Egl pledges herself to him in exchange for him leaving her clothes. The god of the sea has a handy dispensary of useful medicines, too, especially those which can guarantee a long life. Before they enter her parents' house, the girl warns her daughters to keep quiet about their life. To her surprise, the serpent spoke to her in a man's voice and demanded that she promise to become his wife for the return of her clothes. They are known as Nagas, and they played a very important role in shaping the consciousness of this nation and many other cultures. She returns home to her family with dresses and money to give her sisters, and to wait for her husband to fetch her. She returns home. The snake wraps itself around Zuhra, they both dive into the lake and swim until they reach a large gate. ), but in a hurry to get rid of the persistent snake-like reptile, Egl agrees to marry, while not fully understanding the potential consequences and the gravity of her situation. When the snake is older, he goes to a neighbour to court his daughters. The grandfather asks his grandchildren about where they live; the youngest girl tells him about the snake husband and the magical song. Three years later, the girl visits her family carrying her two children in tow, a son and a daughter. " ". The narrative tells that the human maiden marries another "kidnapped" person that was living with the "lake people", named Osip Tsarevich. The uncles go to the beach, sing the song to summon the snake man and kill him. Sauka, Leonardas, sudarymas, pareng [com, cre]. On the third year, the girl herself visits her family with her children, then returns to the water. "" ": ". One day, the princess finds a louse in her father's hair, who decides to fatten the bug and use its hide as part of a suitor riddle: whoever guesses the nature of the hide shall marry the princess. Also Kekrops, an early king of Athens who was depicted as being Closer to Earth by having the lower body of a snake. One warm summer day, Egl, the youngest daughter of a local farmer, went bathing in the sea with her two sisters. Mark Cartwright (CC BY-NC-SA) Hecate (Hekate) is a goddess of Greek mythology capable of both good and evil. Snakes were associated with death and thunder which link with Ryujin's role as a bringer of rain and storms. The medieval Lamia Lilith could shapeshift, particularly as a snake. . When conversing with her mother, the maiden unwittingly revealed her husband's name (Osip) and the incantation to summon him. [94] Researcher Varvara Dobrovolskaya states that variants in Russia were collected in Kursk, Bashkiria, Ryazan, Voronezh and in East Siberia by the Lena river. She becomes the mother of twins (a girl and a boy). The old woman allows her daughters to join the others. [61] According to the Latvian Folktale Catalogue, the heroine curses her sons to become trees and herself to become a cuckoo. She marries the reptile, which lies on the rivers, and she has two children with him when he becomes human. -: , 1984. pp. Salomja Nris, a Lithuanian poet, wrote a poem called Egl ali karalien (1940), which is based on the motifs of the tale. She likes to spend her days dipping her feet in water, and a large green fish plays between her feet. Years into their marriage, the snake takes off the snakeskin to become a man, and they have three daughters. When they leave to get her clothes, the youngest finds a snake on her garments, which promises to return them if she becomes his wife. In: "Tyrimo objektu daniausiai pasirenkama pasaka Egl ali karalien (ATU 425M). Suddenly, a booming voice echoes from below the water asking the girl to marry it. Hera was jealous of her husband Zeus' mortal lovers and children, and even before Heracles was born she tried to destroy him. [3], gl is a popular female name in Lithuania. 585 ff (trans. The girl begins to cry, but a voice tells her it will return the clothes if she becomes the voice's wife. Magic Tales That End Badly. She is the sister of Vasuki, king of Nagas and wife of sage Jagatkaru. [9], The tale was translated into German language as Egle, die Schlangenknigin by German professor Carl Cappeller[sv] in his book of Lithuanian folktales,[10] and as Das Weib des Schlangenmannes ("The Wife of the Snake-Man"), and published in Mitteilungen der Litauischen literarischen Gesellschaft. As the story continues, the girl's relatives imitate her voice to draw out the fish and kill it. She insists on visiting her parents and showing them their grandchildren, but her husband warns that disaster may loom upon their family. "Egl, die Knigin der Nattern. The exact location of their bathing remains undisclosed. The earliest records in existence indicate this snake god was closely tied to the rain and water god, Tlaloc, and that his original domain was vegetation. , . Medusa is a classic example of this, and indeed many other man serpents have the hypnotic stare and superhuman strength that the snake queen is known for. From the theodical foundation myth of Pandora, the first human woman to be created by Hephaestus, beautiful women prove disastrous for the men they seduce . Hid the maiden 's house with her two sisters, developed the myth regards Manasa the., Krri all three girls decided to go swimming birch and her children go back the! King Acrisius of Argos and Queen Eurydice, has a handy dispensary of useful medicines,,! 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