The outriggers were inadequately counterweighted with three 5-gallon buckets of sand, and were not secured to a structurally sound portion of the building. The foreman was inside the tank, riding up on a two-point suspension scaffold. The left side of the parapet wall collapsed, causing the left cornice hook to fall and the left end of the scaffold to fall to the ground. [, Guardrail systems must be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms , and must be in place before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. The work lead on the welder had frayed insulation in one place, and the bare conductor was exposed. He was not wearing his safety belt and was killed. Which of the following are required in order to safely use fabricated frame scaffolds? This ensures that moisture on the wire rope will not allow it to slip through the braking mechanism, causing the scaffold to fall (see Access). Bolts or other direct connections to the floor or deck. [, Employees are not permitted to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high wind, unless a competent person has determined that it is safe, and those employees are protected by [. The second man on the scaffold (the window washer) managed to cling to the scaffold and a nearby window ledge until he could be rescued. Adjustable suspension scaffolds are designed to be raised and lowered while occupied by workers and materials, and must be capable of bearing their load whether stationary or in motion. The right side hoist had only been set up with enough cable to go from the upper roof to the intermediate roof, a total of 16 feet (the total cable length measured 18 feet 5 inches). Tip: Many scaffold failures occur early in the morning, after condensation has collected on the wire ropes overnight. Three workers were on a two-point suspension scaffold rated at 500 lbs. When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Two Workers Killed by Falling Objects While On Scaffolds. The painter sent the helper to the sidewalk below to receive the tools and paint buckets. The third clip fell to the ground, and was found to have stripped threads. [, Tiebacks must be equivalent in strength to the suspension ropes and hoisting rope. [, Tiebacks must be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure (Figure 1), or opposing angle tiebacks must be installed. [, The ladder legs must be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform. Since the scaffold was not grounded, it became energized. Each scaffold and scaffold components must be capable of supporting its own weight plus at least four times the maximum intended load without failure. This underlines the importance of inspecting ropes before every workshift. The trainee fell 18 feet, landed on a stored scaffold pick, and was lucky to sustain only a chipped ankle bone and a bruised calf. [, Outrigger beams must be placed perpendicular to their bearing support (usually the face of the building or structure. Scaffolding safety is a combination of practices and safety procedures that enforces proper and safe use of scaffoldings. Able to withstand a force of at least 50 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the toeboard. (per employee) . The worker on the right side of the platform was wearing a body harness hooked by a lanyard to a lifeline that kept him from falling. The superintendent was in a rush to get the system disassembled because a helicopter had been contracted to remove the structural members of the scaffold support system on Monday. The employees were not using fall protection, and the scaffold was not tied off. Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold onto employees below, they must be protected by the following measures [. Proper Scaffold Construction Mudsills Base plates Crossbraces Access Guardrails All scaffolds must be erected with adequate foundations: Casters Base plates The leadman--the competent person on site--got out of the scaffold onto the roof and worked with the trainee to manually override and release the overspeed brake. Two-point suspension scaffolds must be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from swaying, as determined to be necessary by a competent person. 3. The fall protection requirements for employees installing suspension scaffold support systems on floors, roofs, and other elevated surfaces, are described in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M, the Fall Protection standard [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)]. In order to assure stability, supported scaffolds must be set on: base plates, mud sills or other adequate firm foundation; Base plates are required on every scaffold whereas mud sills are mostly just used for scaffolds constructed on dirt or gravel Footings must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or Scaffolds shall be erected , moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision and direction of a(n) ___?___ qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling, or alteration. Three employees were spray painting a water tower that was 125 ft. high and 30 ft. in diameter. All scaffolds must be erected with adequate foundations.Concrete. Protecting these workers from scaffold-related incidents can prevent injuries and deaths attributed to falls from scaffolding each year. Two of the rope clips were still attached to the end of the rope after the incident. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. (Figure 14) [, It is dangerous and therefore impermissible for two or more vertical lifelines to be attached to each other, or to the same point of anchorage. [, For two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, access to one platform from another may only take place when the platforms [. They were on a two-point suspension scaffold that did not have guardrails; the ropes suspending the scaffold were old and had not been inspected; and the employees were not wearing safety belts. [, Window cleaners' anchors may not be used for this purpose. =Fall arrest equipment must be utilized. Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, they should be prevented from falling by paneling or screening extending from the toeboard to the top of the guardrail. The front edge of all platforms shall not be more than ___?___ from the face of the work, unless guardrail systems are erected along the front edge and/or personal fall arrest systems are used. Which shotgun choke is best for hunting a large, slow bird, such as a turkey? Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold and striking. Or installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. Draw the shape of the cord an instant later Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting without failure at least four times the maximum intended load. A worker was on a two-point suspension scaffold that was suspended by cornice hooks at the top of a parapet wall (approximately 42 ft.). =A competent person is required to inspect scaffolding prior to each work shift. Scaffolds must be far enough from overhead power lines that neither they, nor any conductive materials (e.g. Floor boards laid flat and spaced no more than inch apart, set snugly into the upper edge of the stringers, and securely nailed to 2 x 6-inch cross beams at intervals of no less than 4 feet. [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only by experienced and trained employees who have been selected for that work by the competent person. A three-man crew was using an improvised suspension scaffold to paint the interior of a 68-foot-tall, 32-foot-diameter water tank. . Excess suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding must also be insulated. working weight. [, Scaffolds may be closer to overhead power lines than specified above if such proximity is necessary for the type of work being done, and if the power company or electrical system operator has been notified and has either [. Two employees were working on a two-point suspension scaffold without safety belts, lifeline, or tiebacks. However, when the employer can demonstrate that perpendicular placement is not possible because of obstructions that cannot be moved, the outrigger beam may be placed at some other angle, provided that opposing angle tiebacks are used. Such as: = Change in type of scaffold, fall protection, = Inadequacies in employees work indicates a need for retraining. Each scaffold and scaffold component must be able to support its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to the scaffold. Multiply 35 square feet by 25 pounds per square foot and the scaffolding can be loaded with no more than 875 pounds. Both men were wearing safety belts with nylon rope lanyards secured to independent lifelines. It is suspected that the cerebellum is the part of the brain that is affected. each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load . [, Clips are to be inspected and retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations at the start of each subsequent workshift. The employees stopped painting because it started to rain. The employees thought that the overspeed brake had accidentally set. As the foreman took the spray gun, he heard a "pop" and saw the scaffold and the victim fall 65 feet to the floor of the tank. Extreme weather, excessive loads, or damage to structural components can all affect a scaffold's stability. Employees on scaffolds must be provided with protection from = falling tools, debris, and small objects through the use of toeboards, screens, debris nets, catch platforms, or canopies etc. =Must determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection during erection/dismantling of supported scaffolding. Because metal frame scaffolds are conductive, power tools, cords, etc., that suffer insulation failure can electrify the entire scaffold. [, Direct access to or from another surface is permitted only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surface. [, Unless it is designed and installed to support employees and materials without tipping, or has guardrails that block employee access, each end of a platform may not extend over its support more than 12 inches (for platforms 10 feet or shorter in length) or more than 18 inches (for platforms more than 10 feet long). No personal fall protection equipment was being used by either worker. Each scaffold and it's components must be capable of supporting, without failure, it's own weight and at least ___ times the maximum intended load applied to it. 3314.3.1.1 Supported Scaffolds Supported scaffolds between 40 feet and 75 feet (12 192 mm and 22 860 mm) must be designed by a qualified person or company or a registered design professional. A scaffold can be overloaded by [. [. Platform must be securely fastened to hangers by u-bolts. The employees working on the scaffold had not been provided any training, including hazard recognition training, which teaches how to safely rig and secure a scaffold. [. Direct connections to roofs and floors must be capable of resisting [, Scaffolds and scaffold components must be capable of supporting, without failure, their own weight and at least 4 times their maximum intended load. ( 1) Except as provided in paragraphs (a) (2), (a) (3), (a) (4), (a) (5) and (g) of this section, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the . (Figure 15) [, Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system must be able to withstand a force of at least 200 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along its top edge. True Platforms must not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. These incidents can be avoided by compliance with OSHA standards. Optional body belt B. There are twenty-eight OSHA-approved State Plans, operating state-wide occupational safety and health programs. Have walk-through stirrups specifically designed for that purpose. However, proper clearance and maintenance reduce this risk. Hung by ropes or cables connected to stirrups at each end of the platform, they are typically used by window washers on skyscrapers, but play a prominent role in high-rise construction as well. It is a legal requirement to provide a safe working place for every employee. [. Exception: Insulated power lines of less than 300 volts have a safe distance of only 3 feet. employees below, the following measures apply: = The area below must be barricaded, or Toeboards must be installed for work platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. Six other boilermakers had just left a suspension scaffold when it fell about 392 feet along with the foreman, who was killed. He had failed to connect his safety belt to the lifeline. [29 CFR 1926.452(p)(4)]. He was caught by his belt and lifeline, but after hanging for a few minutes, the lifeline broke and the employee fell to his death. [, Counterweights must not be made of flowable materials such as sand, gravel, and similar materials that can be easily dislocated. Too much material being stored on the platform. They attempted to move a hook to reposition it when the hook slipped off the parapet, causing one end of the scaffold to drop. In general, each platform on all working levels of scaffolds shall be ___?___ or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports. Where changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. In addition to meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.502(d), personal fall-arrest systems used on scaffolds are to be attached by lanyard to a vertical lifeline, horizontal lifeline, or scaffold structural member. Even if a suspended scaffold has been assembled in compliance with every applicable standard, employers and workers must continue to exercise caution and use sound work practices to assure their safety. [, Guardrails must be surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees, and to prevent snagging of clothing, which may cause employees to lose their balance. An employee was restoring a building's exterior. To prevent movement, the scaffold must be secured to the building or structure at intervals not to exceed 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet . Scaffold incidents causing injury or death to workers is often the result of either the planking or support giving way, by the worker slipping, the absence of fall protection, or being struck by a falling object. The victim had been painting from one end of this scaffold while wearing a safety belt and lanyard attached to an independent lifeline. In general, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least ___?___ times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Specific requirements for one type each of supported scaffold (tubular welded frame) and suspended scaffold (two-point suspension) are included in the sections below. building materials, paint roller extensions, scaffold components) that may be handled on them, come closer than 10 feet to the power line. [, Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by other loads. [, Devices whose sole function is to provide emergency escape and rescue may not be used as working platforms. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to multi-level, single-point adjustable, multi-point adjustable, interior hung, needle-beam, catenary, and float (ship) scaffolds. Scaffolding hazards are addressed in specific standards for the construction industry. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a . [, To prevent slippage, platforms must be cleated or otherwise restrained at each end, or else overlap centerline support at least 6 inches. The lanyard had been returned to the storage bin even though it had probably been damaged earlier during cutting and welding operations. As he was installing a 21-foot-long metal guardrail, it contacted a 34-kilovolt overhead power line located 8 feet from the billboard. The employee and the scaffold fell 50 feet to the ground. General Scaffolding Requirements The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. [, When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they must be no more than 19 inches apart. Most Frequently Cited - 2010 = Top rail to be at 38 inches 45 inches. = Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied to it. Response: No. directions on your drawing with arrows, What kind of chemical reaction involves one substance losing an electron and another substance gaining an electron? Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, etc. The first type is supported scaffolds, which consist of one or more platforms supported by rigid, load-bearing members, such as poles, legs, frames, and outriggers. Straight-grained oak, ash or hickory rungs at least 1 inches in diameter, with inch, Flooring strips spaced apart no more than inch, (side rails may be up to 1 inch apart). The employee was hospitalized for his injuries. Wood platforms must not be coveredScaffold components from different manufacturers mustA competent person must determine that the.. [, When other types of hoists are used, the suspension ropes must be long enough to allow the scaffold to travel to the level below without the rope end passing through the hoist, or else the rope end must be provided with means to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. He was a member of a three-man crew engaged in the abrasive blasting and painting of the interior of a 48-foot-high, 30-foot-diameter steel water tank. [, Scaffold platforms must be able to support their own weight, plus four times the maximum intended load. The employer shall have each employee who performs work while on a scaffold trained by a(n) ___?___ to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and to understand the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. These independent support lines must be equal in number and strength to the suspension ropes. Unsafe/Unused Fall Arrest Systems Result in Fatalities. Each platform unit on all working levels of scaffolds must be fully.Space between adjacent units must beAlthough use of stamped or marked scaffold grade lumber is not required, it is up to the. [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision of a competent person qualified in such activities. They pulled -inch manila hoisting ropes up to the work platform and laid them over the top of the guardrail system at both ends of the 19-foot-long scaffold platform. The second type is suspended scaffolds, which are one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid, overhead support. [, Before the scaffold is used, direct connections of outrigger beams must be evaluated by a competent person to determine that the supporting surfaces are capable of bearing the loads that will be imposed on them. See Personal Fall Arrest Systems in the OSHA Construction eTool. Suspended scaffolds are often made of metal and sometimes used in close proximity to overhead power lines. = all times with independent lifelines attached to anchorage points capable of supporting 5000 lb. (Figure 13) [, When winding drum hoists are used and the scaffold is extended to its lowest point of travel, there must be enough rope to still wrap four times around the drum. Capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards Who has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them, Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least __ times the maximum intended load applied to it, feasible to do so and does not create a greater hazard. To review ladder access requirements, please refer to the OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926.451(e) or the Supported Scaffolds module. Or toeboards must be installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope with the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or 2 (minimum) times the stall load of the hoist, whichever [, The platform units must be secured to the scaffold to prevent their movement. The workers were wearing the available safety harnesses and lifelines but had not connected the lifelines. Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least __ times the maximum intended load applied to it. To rain = Inadequacies in employees work indicates a need for retraining of scaffold, fall protection equipment was used... 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