They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [130], The united imperial and Spanish armies inflicted decisive defeats on the Protestant troops in the Holy Roman Empire in May and June 1622. Aside from ruling the Holy Roman Empire, he was also the Archduke of Austria, King of Germany, King of Bohemia, and King of Hungary and Croatia. -15 1637 , , . [89] After some negotiations, all delegates but two noblemen and two burghers agreed to "accept" Ferdinand as king on 6 June. Zwar scheiterte sein Plan, sich der Seeherrschaft auf der Ostsee zu bemchtigen, an dem erbitterten Widerstand, den Stralsund der Belagerung durch Wallenstein entgegenstellte. Yet in the face of the shifting fortunes of war, he showed much steadfastness, although he often lacked political agility. Medici. [7] He matriculated at the Jesuits' school in Graz at the age of 8. Eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. [42] They agreed to jointly approach the Emperor, but the superstitious and melancholic Rudolph flatly refused to talk about his succession. [122] Abandoned by Bethlen, Thurn was forced to lift the siege. After his victory over the Swedes (September 1634) at Nrdlingen, Ferdinand reached a compromise with the Protestant princes in the Peace of Prague (1635) and, in 1636, succeeded in having his son Ferdinand elected king of the Romans (successor-designate to the emperor). Swedish strength was greatly weakened, but France entered the war on the side of the Protestants out of fear of Habsburg domination. [61][62], Ferdinand's appointment as the Emperor's deputy to the Diet implied that Rudolph regarded Ferdinandthe only Habsburg who had already fathered childrenas his successor. [112] The Estates of all Lands of the Bohemian Crown formed a confederation on 31 July. Archduchess Maria Amalia (1746-1804) Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II (1747-1792) Archduchess Maria Caroline (stillborn 1748). [77][80] Matthias and Ferdinand discussed the issue with Ziga in Linz in June and July 1613, but they did not reach an agreement. [75], Matthias was elected Holy Roman Emperor only months after Rudolph II died on 20 June 1612. , (16081657). In July that same year (1590), when Ferdinand was 12 years old, his father died, and he inherited Inner AustriaStyria, Carinthia, Carniola and smaller provinces. FERDINAND II, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR Reigned from 1619 to 1637; b. Graz, Styria, July 9, 1578; d. Vienna, Feb. 15, 1637. [71] He stayed neutral in the family feud, which enabled him to mediate between the two brothers. Upon his death in 1564, his son, Maximilian II took the reigns. Besides German he spoke Italian, French, and Spanish, was fond of music, and liked reading religious books, but his passion was hunting. Brother of Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland; Maria Christina Habsburg, Erzherzogin von sterreich-Steiermark; Kateina Renata von sterreich, Habsburg, Erzherzogin; Elisabeth von Habsburg-sterreich, Archduchess; Karl von sterreich Habsburg and 8 others; Georgiane Maximiliane Archduchess of Austria av Steyer Habsburg; Eleonore Archduchess Of av Steyer Habsburg; Maximilian Ernst Habsburg (sterreichische Linie); Margaret of Austria; Leopold V, Erzherzog von sterreich-Tirol; Archduchess Constance of Austria; Maria Magdalena von Habsburg and Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw less. Couch and footstool with bone carvings and glass inlays. Ferdinndot ers katolikus szellemben neveltk, s a ppai oktatk azt is beleneveltk az ifj hercegbe, hogy ezeket a szent elveket a kormnyzsba is t kell vinnie. Spain also supported Ferdinand against the Republic of Venice during the Uskok War in 161718. [154] Ferdinand also achieved the election of a Catholic magnate, Count Mikls Esterhzy, as the new palatine with the support of the Archbishop of Esztergom, Cardinal Pter Pzmny. Shortly afterwards, he began to suppress the practice of non-Catholic faiths within his territory. He also secured support from the Spanish Habsburgs for his claim to succeed the childless Emperor Matthias on the throne, granting them future rule over Alsace and Imperial fiefs in Italy. [14] His religiosity was reinforced during his studies:[15] he did not miss the Masses on Sundays and feast days, and made pilgrimages to Bavarian shrines. [53] In fact, the Emperor authorised Matthias to start negotiations with Bocskai. In addition to becoming almost entirely Catholic, Bohemia would remain in Habsburg hands for nearly three hundred years. [107] The directors ignored Ferdinand's acts and made further preparations for an armed conflict. The restored Ferdinand set about strengthening the Catholic church in Bohemia, reduced the authority of the Diet, and forcibly converted Austrian and Bohemian Protestants. Given the relatively large number of Protestants within the kingdom, including many among the noble classes, the new king soon became unpopular and some dissidents participated in the ensuing Bohemian Revolt. https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A0%-------------------------------------. [112] Ferdinand avoided the rebellious Upper Austria and approached the assembly through Salzburg and Munich. Soon, some of Ferdinand's allies began to complain about the excessive power exercised by Wallenstein, as well as the ruthless methods he used to finance his vast army. [85] Philip acknowledged Ferdinand's right to inherit Matthias's realms, but Ferdinand promised to cede territories in Alsace, along with Finale Ligure and the Principality of Piombino in Italy to Philip after he succeeded Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor. Wallenstein was able to recruit some 30,000 men (later expanded up to 100,000), with whom he was able to defeat the Protestants in Silesia, Anhalt and Denmark. * Frst Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg * Graf Wratislav von Frstenberg * Freiherr Karl von Harrach * Graf Leonhard Helfried von Meggau * Freiherr Peter Heinrich von Stralendorf * Graf Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff * Bischof Anton Wolfradt * Hermann von Questenberg * Bischof Franz Xaver von Dietrichstein * Pater Wilhelm Lamormaini * Hochmeister Johann Kaspar von Stadion Literatur [Bearbeiten], * Khevenhller: Annalen Ferdinands II.. 2. Barnabitenkolleg, Wien 1756. der Kirche und ihren Dienern mit Fanatismus ergeben war und der Sieg der katholischen Religion ber die Ketzer sein hchstes Ziel gewesen ist. [109] Thurn and his 15,000 troops laid siege to Vienna on 5 June. Eventually, for reasons of state, Ferdinand reluctantly gave his consent to a second dismissal and the assassination of Wallenstein, who had treacherously entered into negotiations with the enemy (1634). Although he had lost strategically and been forced out of Saxony, the Protestants had suffered much greater casualties. Ausztria csszra, Magyarorszg kirlya (1618-1637) , Csehorszg (1617-1637) kirlya, nmet-rmai csszr (1619-1637), Neveltetst nagyban meghatrozta a katolikus hagyomnyok tvtele s a szigor udvari protokoll kell elsajttsa. [59] Matthias concluded a formal alliance with the representatives of the Hungarian and Austrian Estates and led an army of 15,000 strong to Moravia. [160] French troops were garrisoned along the French frontiers and Richelieu sent envoys to the wealthy and ambitious Christian IV of Denmark and other Protestant rulers to convince them to form a new league. and Maria Anna of Bavaria; elected King of the Romans, December 1636; succedeed his father on the imperial throne, February 1637. Supported by the Catholic League and the Kings of Spain and the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Ferdinand decided to reclaim his possession in Bohemia and to quash the rebels. [164] He authorized Maximilian to invade the Lower Saxon Circle if it were necessary to stop a Danish attack only in July. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [21] He avoided discussion of religious affairs with the Estates, taking advantage of their fear of an Ottoman invasion and the peasant uprisings in Upper Austria. The Styrian nobles and burghers unsuccessfully sought assistance from Rudolph II and their Austrian peers against him. [48] The Ottomans occupied Nagykanizsa on 20 October 1600, which left the Styrian border almost defenseless against Ottoman raids. [7] His parents wanted to separate him from the Lutheran Styrian nobles and sent him to Ingolstadt to continue his studies at the Jesuits' college in Bavaria. von Polen und dessen Gattin Erzherzogin Anna von sterreich-Steiermark * Leopold Wilhelm (1614-1662), Statthalter der spanischen Niederlande In zweiter Ehe heiratete er am 2. At Ferdinand's death in 1637, his son Ferdinand III inherited an embattled empire. Early years A year later, Ferdinand tried to recapture the fortress, but the action ended in November 1601 with a defeat, due to unprofessional command of his troops. Aided by Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria, his troops annihilated the rebel army on the White Mountain, near Prague, on November 8, 1620. Band 6. 1 2 3 4 -9 1578 , , , , . 1635 , . Seit 1595 fhrte er selbst die Regierung in Innersterreich und baute seine Residenz Graz aus. Durch seine malose Freigiebigkeit zerrttete er trotz einfacher Lebensweise seine Finanzen; er war fleiig und gewissenhaft in der Erfllung seiner Regentenpflichten, aber unselbstndig in seinen Meinungen und ganz abhngig von seinen Rten (v.a. His father was the heir to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. Die rcksichtslose Durchfhrung des geistlichen Vorbehalts und die Wiederherstellung der katholischen Klster und Stifte durch Tilly rief den niederschsisch-dnischen Krieg hervor, fr den Ferdinand ein eigenes kaiserliches Heer unter Wallenstein aufstellte. [110] The Protestant Estates of Upper Austria demanded the confirmation of their religious and political liberties before recognizing Ferdinand as Matthias' successor. Author of. Although the country was Catholic, France feared both the Germans and the Spanish, so Cardinal Richelieu convinced King Louis XIII of France to ally himself with the Dutch and the Swedes. Ferdinand was born in 1503 in Alcal de Henares, Castile, the second son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styriadied Feb. 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617-19, 1620-27) and king of Hungary (1618-25). , (16051619). [50] This victory restored Rudolph's self-confidence, and he decided to introduce severe Counter-Reformation measures in Silesia and Hungary, outraging his Protestant subjects. Ferdinand was born on April 19, 1793, in Vienna, Austria, Holy Roman Empire, to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. Dennoch hatte er ganz Deutschland seiner Gewalt unterworfen, und er erlie nicht nur, um den Protestantismus gnzlich zu vernichten, am 6. In his second marriage to Anna Juliana Gonzaga, he was the father of Anna of Tyrol, future Holy Roman Empress. [139], Ferdinand could not pay off his mercenaries' salaries. After completing his studies in 1595, he acceded to his hereditary lands (where his older cousin Archduke Maximilian III of Austria had acted as his regent 1593-95) and made a pilgrimage to Loreto and Rome. Um diese Acht zu vollstrecken, lie Ferdinand spanische und ligistische Truppen in die Rheinpfalz einrcken und in den besetzten Gebieten den Protestantismus gewaltsam unterdrcken, wodurch der Religionskrieg nach Deutschland gelangte. [3] Their marriage brought about a reconciliation between the two leading Catholic families of the Holy Roman Empire. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 10. 414423. * Jrg-Peter Findeisen: Der Dreiigjhrige Krieg. Graz 1998. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [129] The Diet of Hungary dethroned Ferdinand and elected Bethlen king on 23 August. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Mtys utn kvetkezett a trnutdlsban. * Maria Anna (1610-1665), Kurfrstin von Bayern 1635 Kurfrst Maximilian I., Sohn Herzog Wilhelm V. von Bayern und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Renate von Lothringen * Ccilia Renata (1611-1644), Knigin von Polen 1637 Knig Wadysaw IV. He was the son of Charles II, the archduke of Inner Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. Omissions? November 1605 in Graz, 26. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). The seven "German" electors (the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg) chose Ferdinand II to be Holy Roman Emperor. [51][52] At their meeting in Linz in April 1606, the four archdukes concluded that the Emperor was incompetent and decided to replace him with Matthias in Bohemia, Hungary and Upper and Lower Austria. His heart was interred in the Herzgruft (heart crypt) of the Augustinian Church, Vienna. Dezember 1619 in Graz), Erzherzog von sterreich * Ferdinand (IV.) [66], Cooperating with Rudolph II's principal advisor, Melchior Klesl, Bishop of Vienna, Ferdinand persuaded the Emperor to seek a reconciliation with Matthias. In November came the great Battle of Ltzen, at which the Catholics were defeated, but Gustavus Adolphus was killed. Join. [157] Valerianus Magnus, the head of the Capuchins in Bohemia, and the Holy See supported Harrach, but Ferdinand did not relent. Answer and Explanation: Unmittelbarer Anlass zum Krieg war der so genannte Zweite Prager Fenstersturz vom 23. [170], His devout Catholicism and negative view of Protestantism caused immediate turmoil in his non-Catholic subjects, especially in Bohemia. [140] Liechtenstein, Eggenberg, Wallenstein and other noblemen established a consortium that also included the Jewish banker, Jacob Bassevi, and Wallenstein's financial manager, Hans de Witte. [116][117] After learning of Bethlen's success, Frederick V accepted the Bohemian crown on 28 September. [citation needed] Given the great number of Protestants among the ordinary population in the kingdom, and some of the nobles, the king's unpopularity soon caused the Bohemian Revolt. His father was Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Mother Maria Anna of Bavaria. Ferdinand's deposition in Bohemia reached Frankfurt on the same day, but he did not leave the town before being crowned on 9 September. Geni requires JavaScript! Ferdinand of Hapsburg was born in Graz in Styria on July 13, 1608, son of the later emperor Ferdinand II and Maria Anna of Bavaria. His parents were staunch Catholics. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (July 13, 1608 - April 2, 1657), ruled February 15, 1637 - 1657. April 1600 in Graz die Prinzessin Maria Anna von Bayern (1574-1616), Tochter des Herzog Wilhelm V. und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Renata von Lothringen. Tz vnyi tanuls utn, 18 vesen kapta els kormnyzi feladatt s cmt. The duration of his reign was occupied by confessional and military concerns. [83] The Catholic Bohemian nobleman, Albrecht von Wallenstein, recruited 260 soldiers at his own expense. [76] Since Matthias and his two surviving brothers, Maximilian III and Albert VII were childless, his succession in Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire was uncertain. Band 18, Herzberg 2001, ISBN 3-88309-086-7, Sp. COOMODEL SE106 1/6 Ferdinand II of Holy Roman Empire Action Figure Body Hands. [165] In the same month, Maximilian ordered Tilly to move his troops into Lower Saxony, and Wallenstein invaded the Archbishopric of Magdeburg and the Bishopric of Halberstadt, but a fierce rivalry between the two commanders prevented them from continuing the military campaign. Ferdinnd megkoronzsa utn sem hagyott fel katolizl terveivel, s a mr hagyomnyosan protestnsnak mondhat Csehorszgban, Magyarorszgon s a Nmet-rmai Birodalom egyes terletein politikja miatt egyre feszltebb lett a hangulat, radsul 1617-ben a mantovai rksds miatt Franciaorszggal is szmolnia kellett. With the loss of his commander, he was once again forced to rely on the Catholic League army under Tilly, who was unable to stem the Swedish advance and was killed in 1632. Ferdinand II was buried in his Mausoleum in Graz. [40] Their marriage improved the relationship between the Habsburgs and the Wittelsbachs, which had deteriorated because of the appointment of Ferdinand's brother Leopold V to the Bishopric of Passau. 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